Jul 7, 2011

Vocabulary of Concepts of Ch.33 Animal tissue.

1. adhering junction
Junction where a mass of anchored proteins help adjoining cells adhere.
2. adipose tissue A connective tissue having an abundance of fat-storing cells.
3. blood
Fluid connective tissue of water, solutes, and formed elements (blood cells, platelets). Transports substances to and from cells, helps maintain internal environment.
4. bone tissue
Of vertebrate skeleton, a tissue of osteoblast secretions hardened with minerals.
5. cardiac muscle tissue
A contractile tissue that is present only in the heart wall.
6. cartilage
Connective tissue with solid, pliable intercellular material that resists compression.
7. dense, irregular connective tissue
Animal tissue with fibroblasts, many asymmetrically positioned fibers in ground substance. In skin and some capsules around organs.
8. dense, regular connective tissue
Animal tissue with rows of fibroblasts between parallel bundles of fibers. In tendons, elastic ligaments.
9. ectoderm
The first-formed, outermost primary tissue layer of animal embryos; gives rise to nervous system tissues and integument's outer layer.
10. endocrine gland
Ductless gland that secretes hormones, which the bloodstream distributes.
11. endoderm
Inner primary tissue layer of animal embryos; source of inner gut lining and derived organs.
12. epithelium
Animal tissue that covers external surfaces and lines internal cavities and tubes. One surface is free and the other rests on a basement membrane.
13. exocrine gland
Glandular structure that secretes products, usually through ducts or tubes, to a free epithelial surface.
14. gap junction
Cylindrical arrays of proteins in the plasma membrane that pair up as open channels for signals between adjoining cells.

15. gland cell
A cell that secretes products unrelated to their own metabolism for use elsewhere
16. homeostasis
State in which physical and chemical aspects of internal environment (blood, interstitial fluid) are being maintained within ranges suitable for cell activities.
17. internal environment
Blood + interstitial fluid.
18. loose connective tissue
Animal tissue with fibers, fibroblasts loosely arrayed in semifluid ground substance.
19. mesoderm
Primary tissue layer of all large, complex animals; gives rise to many internal organs and part of the integument.
20. nervous tissue
Connective tissue composed of neurons and often neuroglia.
21. neuroglia
Collectively, cells that structurally and metabolically support neurons. They make up about half the volume of nervous tissue in vertebrates.
22. neuron
Type of nerve cell; basic communication unit in most nervous systems.
23. organ
Body structure with definite form and function that consists of more than one tissue.
24. organ system
Organs interacting chemically, physically, or both in a common task.
25. skeletal muscle tissue
Striated contractile tissue that is the functional partner of bone.
26. smooth muscle tissue
Nonstriated contractile tissue found in soft internal organs.
27. tight junction
Cell junction where strands of fibrous proteins oriented in parallel with a tissue's free surface collectively block leaks between the adjoining cells.
28. tissue
Of multicelled organisms, a group of cells and intercellular substances that function together in one or more specialized tasks.

Vocabulary of Concepts of Ch.20 Origin and evolution of life.

1. angiosperm
Flowering plant.
2. archaebacterium
Member of the prokaryotic domain Archaebacteria
3. Archean eon
Eon in which life arose (3.8-2.5 bya).

4. big bang
Model for origin of universe.
5. Cenozoic era
The present era (65 mya to present).
6. crust, of Earth
Outer zone of low-density rocks resting on the Earth's mantle.
7. dinosaur

One of a fabulous group of reptiles that originated in the Triassic and became the dominant land vertebrates for 125 million years.
8. Ediacaran
One of the species with a highly flattened body that arose in the precambrian.
9. endosymbiosis theory Continuing physical contact between two species, one of which lives and reproduces inside the other's body.
10. eubacterium
Prokaryotic cell; has a nucleoid, but no nucleus, cytoplasm, or cell membrane; most have a cell wall, some encapsulated.
11. eukaryotic cell
Cell having a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
12. global broiling hypothesis
Theory that an asteroid impact caused the K-T mass extinction by creating a colossal fireball, the debris from which raised global air temperature by thousands of degrees.

13. gymnosperm
Type of vascular plant in which seeds form on exposed surfaces of reproductive structures (e.g., on cone scales).
14. K-T asteroid impact theory
A huge asteroid hit Earth at the K-T boundary; last dinosaurs perished during the mass extinction.

15. mantle

Of mollusks, a tissue draped over the visceral mass. Of Earth, a zone of intermediatedensity rocks beneath the crust.
16. Mesozoic era
An era (240-65 mya) of spectacular expansion in the range of global diversity.
17. Paleozoic era
Era from Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, through the Permian (544 to 248 mya).

18. prokaryotic cell
Archaebacterium or eubacterium; single-celled organism, most often walled; lacks the profusion of membranebound organelles observed in eukaryotic cells.
19. Proterozoic eon
Period from 2.5 billion to 570 million years ago; period during which eukaryotic cells arose.
20. protistan
Photoautotroph or heterotroph (or both) unlike bacteria; some like earliest eukaryotic cells. Has a nucleus, larger ribosomes, mitochondria, ER, Golgi bodies, chromosomes with numerous proteins, and cytoskeletal microtubules. Range in size from microscopic algae to giant kelps.
21. proto-cell
Hypothetic cell-like stage between chemical evolution and the first living cell.
22. RNA world
One model for prebiotic evolution in which RNA was the template for protein synthesis before the evolution of DNA.


23. stromatolite
Fossilized mats of shallow-water microbial communities, mainly cyanobacteria, from Archean to precambrian. Cell secretions blocked UV radiation but trapped sediments, and new mats grew on old ones; some are half a mile thick and hundreds of miles across.